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1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 70(5): 553-555, Sept.-Oct. 2020. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1143970

ABSTRACT

Abstract Hydatid cyst in the cervical region is an extremely rare condition that can create challenges for anesthesiologists. Timely recognition of difficult airway and preparing the management plan is crucial to avoid life-threatening complications such as hypoxic brain damage. We describe a case of difficult airway management in a patient with massive cervical hydatid cyst. We used a low-dose ketamine-propofol sedation and lidocaine spray for local oropharyngeal anesthesia. Muscular relaxants were not used, and spontaneous breathing was maintained during intubation. Recognition, assessment, and perioperative planning are essential for difficult airway management in patients with cervical hydatid cyst.


Resumo O cisto hidático na região cervical é uma condição extremamente rara que pode criar desafios para os anestesiologistas. O reconhecimento oportuno das vias aéreas difíceis e a preparação do plano de manejo são cruciais para evitar complicações com risco de vida, como danos cerebrais hipóxicos. Descrevemos um caso de difícil controle das vias aéreas em um paciente com cisto hidático cervical maciço. Utilizamos sedação com cetamina-propofol em baixa dose e spray de lidocaína para anestesia local orofaríngea. Relaxantes musculares não foram utilizados e a respiração espontânea foi mantida durante a intubação. O reconhecimento, a avaliação e o planejamento perioperatório são essenciais para o manejo difícil das vias aéreas em pacientes com cisto hidático cervical.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Airway Obstruction/parasitology , Echinococcosis/complications , Cervical Cord/parasitology , Propofol/administration & dosage , Echinococcosis/surgery , Airway Management , Intubation, Intratracheal , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Lidocaine/administration & dosage
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 70(2): 159-164, Mar.-Apr. 2020. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137165

ABSTRACT

Abstract Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many questions have come up regarding safe anesthesia management of patients with the disease. Regional anesthesia, whether peripheral nerve or neuraxial, is a safe alternative for managing patients with COVID-19, by choosing modalities that mitigate pulmonary function involvement. Adopting regional anesthesia mitigates adverse effects in the post-operative period and provides safety to patients and teams, as long as there is compliance with individual protection and interpersonal transmission care measures. Respecting contra-indications and judicial use of safety techniques and norms are essential. The present manuscript aims to review the evidence available on regional anesthesia for patients with COVID-19 and offer practical recommendations for safe and efficient performance.


Resumo Desde o início da pandemia de COVID-19, muitas questões surgiram referentes à segurança do manejo anestésico de pacientes acometidos pela doença. A anestesia regional, seja esta periférica ou neuroaxial, é alternativa segura no manejo do paciente COVID-19, desde que o emprego de modalidades que minimizam o comprometimento da função pulmonar seja escolhido. A adoção dessa técnica anestésica minimiza os efeitos adversos no pós-operatório e oferece segurança para o paciente e equipe, desde que sejam respeitados os cuidados com proteção individual e de contágio interpessoal. Respeito às contraindicações e emprego criterioso das técnicas e normas de segurança são fundamentais. Este manuscrito tem por objetivo revisar as evidências disponíveis sobre anestesia regional em pacientes com COVID-19 e oferecer recomendações práticas para sua realização segura e eficiente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Anesthesia, Conduction/methods , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Pneumonia, Viral/transmission , Postoperative Period , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Anesthesia, Conduction/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects
3.
Rev. chil. anest ; 49(1): 177-182, 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510443

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Regional anesthesia techniques can have adverse effects, like peripheral nerve injuries. This can affect the practitioner on the choice of techniques when offering multimodal analgesia. CASE REPORT: We present the case of an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair on a patient with no comorbidities who presented peripheral nerve injury during post-op. Initially thought to have occurred as a consequence of the anesthetic technique, further study of the patient revealed the injuries to have been produced by the arthroscopic surgery. CONCLUSION: There are multiple factors that influence the possibility of peripheral nerve injury associated with nerve blocks. They can be grouped as related to the patient, the anesthetic technique or the surgical technique, the latter being the most relevant. If a patient manifests signs of peripheral nerve injury high-resolution magnetic resonance of the neural tissue must be performed immediately. Sensory nerve conduction study and electromyography must be performed 4 weeks after by an expert neurologist.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La anestesia regional puede producir como efecto adverso lesiones de nervios periféricos, lo que puede hacer desistir al anestesiólogo de realizar técnicas que mejoran la analgesia multimodal. CASO CLÍNICO: Se presenta el caso de un paciente sin comorbilidades que se operó de reparación artroscópica del manguito rotador y presentó daño neurológico postoperatorio. Inicialmente se sospechó que el daño había sido producido durante la técnica anestésica, sin embargo, el estudio adecuado demostró que el daño se relacionaba con la técnica quirúrgica. CONCLUSIÓN: Existen factores que influyen en la posibilidad de daño neurológico asociado a bloqueos de nervios periféricos que pueden ser propios del paciente, de la técnica anestésica o quirúrgicos, siendo estos últimos los más relevantes. En un paciente con clínica compatible debe realizarse resonancia magnética del tejido neural de alta resolución de forma inmediata; estudio de conducción neural sensitiva y electromiografía a las 4 semanas de evolución por un neurólogo experto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brachial Plexus Neuritis/etiology , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/etiology , Anesthesia, Conduction/adverse effects , Arthroscopy/adverse effects , Brachial Plexus Neuritis/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Peripheral Nerve Injuries/prevention & control , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Nerve Block/adverse effects
4.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 78(4): 264-267, July-Aug. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1013683

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We here in report the case of a patient subjected to cataract surgery through phacoemulsification under local anesthetic block, without intra-operative complications. The patient presented important visual impairment in the first post-operative day. Fundoscopy showed pallor resembling cherry-red spots at the macula. Fluorescein angiography did not depict signs of vascular occlusion and the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed increased reflectivity in the inner layers of the retina, thus suggesting local thickening and edema. The current case led to the diagnostic hypothesis of transient retinal arterial occlusion.


RESUMO Relatamos um caso de um paciente submetido a facectomia por facoemulsificação sob bloqueio anestésico peribulbar, sem intercorrências per-operatória, que apresentou no primeiro dia de pós-operatório baixa visual significativa. À fundoscopia observou-se palidez em aspecto de mácula em cereja. A angiofluoresceinografia não demonstrou sinais de oclusão vascular e a tomografia de coerência óptica mostrou aumento da refletividade das camadas internas da retina, sugerindo espessamento e edema local. No caso descrito foi aventada hipótese diagnóstica de oclusão arterial retiniana transitória.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Retinal Artery Occlusion/etiology , Phacoemulsification/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Retinal Artery Occlusion/diagnosis , Cataract Extraction/methods , Visual Acuity , Phacoemulsification/methods , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/administration & dosage , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Lidocaine/administration & dosage
5.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 5(3): 112-114, sept. 2018.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254310

ABSTRACT

Lidocaine is an amide-structured local anesthetic commonly used in practice in anesthesiology. Because of its rapid onset, it is frequently used in topical and infiltration anesthesia, regional blocks, regional intravenous anesthesia (RIVA) and general anesthesia to suppress hemodynamic responses to intubation, as well as some cardiac arrhythmias and epileptic seizures. Here, we present a case with seizures and impaired consciousness following iv lidocaine treatment during sedoanalgesia without a history of epilepsy. A thirty-seven-year-old female patient, who was scheduled for a cervical biopsy operation in the Gynecology and Obstetrics clinic, developed a loss of consciousness due to lidocaine with tonic-clonic epileptic seizures during treatment with sedoanalgesia. The patient was intubated with 2 mg midazolam, 200 mg propofol and 50 mg rocuronium intravenously, while oxygen was provided by mask at 6 liters / min. Anesthesia was maintained with 4 lt / min 50% oxygen and 50% air mixture and 2% sevoflurane. There were signs of respiratory acidosis in the blood gas analysis. She was intubated for half an hour by a mechanical ventilator. The operation was canceled. In blood gas monitoring the values were within normal limits. Sugammadex was applied by the gynecology and obstetrics department. In all cases where local anesthetic is planned, necessary precautions should be taken to cope with rare complications


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Seizures/chemically induced , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Lidocaine/adverse effects
6.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 64(8): 736-742, Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976843

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION Healthcare associated infections (HAI) are the most frequent complication of hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of critically ill post-surgical patients with a diagnosis of healthcare associated infections, after a pattern of sedoanalgesia of at least 4 days. METHODS All patients over 18 years of age with a unit admission of more than 4 days were consecutively selected. The study population was the one affected by surgical pathology where sedation was based as analgesic the opioid remifentanil for at least 96 hours in continuous perfusion. Patients who died during admission to the unit and those with combined analgesia (peripheral or neuroaxial blocks) were excluded. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package Stata version 7.0. RESULTS The patients admitted to the Post-Surgical Critical Care Unit (PCU) during study were 1789 and the population eligible was comprised of 102 patients. 56.86% of patients suffered IACS. The most frequent IACS was pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (30.96 per 1000 days of mechanical ventilation), Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most frequently isolated germ. The germs with the greatest involvement in multiple drug resistance (MDROs) were enterobacteria, mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL). CONCLUSIONS Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation is the most prevalent HAI and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main etiological agent. The groups of antibiotics most frequently used were cephalosporin and aminoglycosides. It is necessary to implement the prevention strategies of the different HAI, since most of them are avoidable.


RESUMO INTRODUCCIÓN Las infecciones asociadas a cuidados de salud (IACS) constituyen la complicación más frecuente de los pacientes hospitalizados. El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes críticos postquirúrgicos con diagnóstico de infección asociada a cuidados de salud, tras una pauta de sedoanalegia de al menos 4 días. MÉTODOS Se seleccionaron de manera consecutiva todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años con un ingreso en la Unidad de Reanimación Postquirúrgica (URP) superior a 4 días. La población de estudio fue aquella afectada por patología quirúrgica de cualquier origen donde la sedación se basó en cualquier hipnótico y como analgésico el opioide remifentanilo durante al menos 96 horas en perfusión continua. Se excluyeron los pacientes que fallecieron durante su ingreso en la unidad y aquellos pacientes con analgesia combinada (bloqueos periféricos o neuroaxiales). El análisis de los datos se realizó con paquete estadístico Stata versión 7.0. RESULTADOS El número de pacientes que ingresaron en la URP durante el periodo de estudio fueron de 1789. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la población elegible quedó constituida por 102 pacientes. Un 56,86% de pacientes padecieron IACS. La IACS más frecuente fue la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica (30,96 por 1000 días de ventilación mecánica) siendo Pseudomona aeruginosa el germen más frecuentemente aislado. Los gérmenes con mayor implicación en las multirresistencias (MDROs) fueron las enterobacterias, principalmente Klebsiella pneumoniae resistente a betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE). CONCLUSIONES La neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica es la IACS más prevalente y Pseudomona aeruginosa es el principal agente etiológico. Los grupos de antibióticos más frecuentemente empleados fueron cefalosporinas y aminoglucósidos. Es necesario implementar las estrategias de prevención de las distintas IACS, ya que la mayoría de ellas son evitables.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Remifentanil/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Postoperative Complications/microbiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Spain/epidemiology , Time Factors , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Propofol/administration & dosage , Cross Infection/microbiology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Critical Illness , APACHE , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/microbiology , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated/epidemiology , Deep Sedation/adverse effects , Deep Sedation/methods , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Middle Aged
7.
São Paulo med. j ; 135(3): 247-252, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-904081

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postoperative analgesia and early recovery are important for hospital discharge. The primary objective of this study was to compare the analgesic effectiveness of perianal infiltration and subarachnoid anesthesia for hemorrhoidectomy. The secondary objective was to compare time to discharge, adverse effects and complications. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized, prospective and comparative study at Dr. Mário Gatti Hospital. METHODS: Forty patients aged 18-60, in American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status category 1 or 2, were included. The local group (LG) received local infiltration (0.75% ropivacaine) under general anesthesia; the spinal group (SG) received subarachnoid block (2 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine). Analgesic supplementation consisted of fentanyl for LG and lidocaine for SG. Postoperative pain intensity, sphincter relaxation, lower-limb strength, time to discharge, analgesic dose over one week and adverse effects were assessed. RESULTS: Eleven LG patients (52.4%) required supplementation, but no SG patients. Pain intensity was higher for LG up to 120 min, but there were no differences at 150 or 180 min. There were no differences in the need for paracetamol or tramadol. Times to first analgesic supplementation and hospital discharge were longer for SG. The adverse effects were nausea, dizziness and urinary retention. CONCLUSIONS: Pain intensity was higher in LG than in SG over the first 2 h, but without differences after 150 and 180 min. Time to first supplementation was shorter in LG. There were no differences in doses of paracetamol and tramadol, or in adverse effects. REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02839538.


RESUMO CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A analgesia pós-operatória e a recuperação precoce são relevantes para a alta hospitalar. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia analgésica da infiltração perianal e da anestesia subaracnóidea para hemorroidectomia. O objetivo secundário foi comparar o tempo para alta, efeitos adversos e complicações. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo randomizado prospectivo e comparativo, no Hospital Dr. Mário Gatti. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 40 pacientes com idades 18-60 anos, na categoria 1 ou 2 de status físico da Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologistas. O grupo local (LG) recebeu infiltração local (ropivacaína a 0,75%) sob anestesia geral; o espinal (SG) recebeu bloqueio subaracnóideo (2 ml de bupivacaína a 0,5%). A suplementação analgésica foi com fentanil para LG e lidocaína para SG. Foram avaliados: intensidade da dor no pós-operatório, relaxamento do esfíncter, força dos membros inferiores, tempo de alta, dose de analgésico em uma semana e efeitos adversos. RESULTADOS: Onze (52,4%) pacientes em LG necessitaram de complementação, e nenhum em SG. A intensidade da dor foi maior para LG até 120 minutos, sem diferenças em 150 ou 180 minutos. Não houve diferenças na necessidade de paracetamol ou tramadol. O tempo para a primeira complementação analgésica e a alta hospitalar foram maiores para SG. Os efeitos adversos foram náuseas, tonturas e retenção urinária. CONCLUSÕES: A intensidade da dor foi maior na LG que na SG nas primeiras 2 horas, porém sem diferenças após 150 e 180 minutos. O tempo para a primeira suplementação foi menor na LG; sem diferenças nas doses de paracetamol e tramadol e efeitos adversos. REGISTRO: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02839538.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Hemorrhoidectomy/methods , Analgesia/methods , Anesthesia, Local/methods , Anesthesia, Spinal/methods , Anal Canal , Postoperative Complications , Reference Values , Subarachnoid Space , Time Factors , Pain Measurement , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Hemorrhoidectomy/adverse effects , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Length of Stay
9.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 707-710, 2012.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-21955

ABSTRACT

The mechanism of chronic pain is very complicated. Memory, pain, and opioid dependence appear to share common mechanism, including synaptic plasticity, and anatomical structures. A 48-yr-old woman with severe pain caused by bone metastasis of breast cancer received epidural block. After local anesthetics were injected, she had a seizure and then went into cardiac arrest. Following cardiopulmonary resuscitation, her cardiac rhythm returned to normal, but her memory had disappeared. Also, her excruciating pain and opioid dependence had disappeared. This complication, although uncommon, gives us a lot to think about a role of memory for chronic pain and opioid dependence.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Amnesia/diagnosis , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Electroencephalography , Heart Arrest/etiology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mepivacaine/adverse effects , Pain Management , Seizures/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
10.
HU rev ; 36(1): 69-75, jan.-mar. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-565108

ABSTRACT

Anestésicos locais associados a alguns vasoconstritores podem ser utilizados em pacientes hipertensos na odontologia. A felipressina ou a epinefrina são os mais indicados no atendimento a pacientes com hipertensão controlada no estágio I ou II. Quando utilizada em doses terapêuticas e, evitando-se a administração intravascular, as alterações pressóricas que podem ocorrer com os vasoconstritores adrenérgicos como a elevação na pressão sistólica, são compensadas por uma diminuição na resistência vascular periférica e, consequentemente,uma diminuição da pressão diastólica. Portanto, a preocupação deve ser com o aumento na concentração sanguínea de catecolaminas, em função de uma sobredosagem e/ou administração intravascular inadvertida,principalmente, se associados a um elevado grau de estresse e de ansiedade. A potencialização dos seus efeitos sistêmicos pode ainda estar relacionada a interações medicamentosas em pacientes que fazem uso de antihipertensivos do tipo beta-bloqueadores não-seletivos ou diuréticos não caliuréticos, que poderiam estar mais susceptíveis a possíveis precipitações de episódios hipertensivos motivados por estes vasoconstritores. Uma anamnese bem detalhada, uma anestesia mais eficaz com a associação de um vasoconstritor, bem como o controle da ansiedade e do medo frente a um tratamento odontológico são benéficos no atendimento aos hipertensos.


Local anesthetics associates with vasoconstrictors agents should be used in the hypertensive patients in Dentistry. Felypressin or epinephrine are the most indicated for the treatment of patients with controlledhypertension in stages I or II. When adrenergic vasoconstrictors agents are used in therapeutic doses and avoiding intravascular injection, the pressure alterations that may occur, such as an increase systolic pressure, are compensated by a reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and consequently, a reduced diastolic pressure. Therefore, attention must be paid to the decrease in blood catecholamine as a result of an overdose and/or unintentional intravascular injection, especially if associated with a high degree of stress and anxiety. The strengthening of its systemic effects may still be related to medical interactions in patients using non-specific beta-blocking anti-hypertension drugs or non-caliuretics diuretics, who might be more susceptible to possible occurrences of hypertension episodes motivated by vasoconstrictors agents. A detailed examination, a more effective anesthesia associated with vasoconstrictor, as well as anxiety and fear control when facing dental treatment are beneficial when treating hypertensive patients.


Subject(s)
Hypertension , Anesthesia, Local , Vasoconstrictor Agents , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects
11.
Clinics ; 65(10): 975-978, 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-565980

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to (1) observe the extent to which hemodynamic and glucose measurements change in patients submitted to a dental procedure with and without a local anesthetic and a vasoconstrictor (LAVA; 2 percent mepivacaine with adrenaline 1100,000) and (2) correlate those parameters with the patients' anxiety levels. METHOD: This was an unblinded, random, prospective, and observational study with paired groups. Patients were evaluated during two different consultations during which they either did or did not receive a local anesthetic/vasoconstrictor. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients ranging in age from 18 to 45 years (mean 30.4 ± 5.5 years) were evaluated. Hemodynamic parameters, including systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and glucose levels, did not change significantly in healthy patients, regardless of whether a LAVA was administered during the dental treatment. CONCLUSION: The patients' anxiety statuses neither varied significantly nor showed any correlation with the studied hemodynamic parameters and glucose levels, regardless of whether local anesthetics were used.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anesthesia, Dental/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Dental Anxiety/metabolism , Vasoconstrictor Agents/adverse effects , Blood Pressure/physiology , Epinephrine/adverse effects , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Hemodynamics/physiology , Mepivacaine/adverse effects
12.
Pakistan Oral and Dental Journal. 2009; 29 (2): 241-244
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-99877

ABSTRACT

This study was done to compare the incidence of syncope in supine position versus semi supine position during administration of local anesthesia for dental surgery procedures among the local population. One thousand healthy patients presenting for tooth extraction at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Dr Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Karachi from 15th January 2007 to 31st August 2007 were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups. In Group A patients were administered local anesthetic injection in supine position i.e. with patients head and heart at the same level, while in the Group B patients were administered local anesthesia in semi-supine position. There were 1000 patients requiring tooth extraction under local anesthesia with an age range of 15-47years [Mean 28.31 +/- 8.55years]. It was noted that 135 patients [27%] treated in supine position had pre-syncope symptoms while 245 patients [49%] had pre-syncope symptoms in semi supine position. The difference was statistically significant [P< 0.0001]. No patient fainted in supine position in this study. It was concluded that it was easy to prevent syncope if all patients are placed in a supine position before hand


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Supine Position , Syncope , Anxiety , Prospective Studies
14.
Rev. cir. traumatol. buco-maxilo-fac ; 7(4): 19-24, out.-dez. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-873463

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste presente trabalho é, através de uma revisão bibliográfica, estabelecer os riscos de aspirações positivas decorrentes do bloqueio do nervo alveolar inferior bem como alertar os que fazem uso da anestesia local sobre a fundamental importância da aspiração da solução anestésica antes e durante sua administração. Como decorrência da revisão de literatura e da discussão empreendida, concluiu-se que a utilização da seringa de refluxo passivo é a forma mais segura de prevenção da injeção intravascular e das reações adversas atribuídas à overdose


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Local , Nerve Block/adverse effects , Nerve Block , Mandibular Nerve , Drug Overdose
16.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 74(1): 99-105, jan.-fev. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-479835

ABSTRACT

Tireoidectomia sob efeito de bloqueio do plexo cervical superficial (BPCS) tem sofrido resistência. OBJETIVO: Comparar variáveis cirúrgicas e anestésicas, custos do tratamento e grau de satisfação de pacientes submetidos à hemitireoidectomia sob efeito de anestesia geral e BPCS. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Foram 21 pacientes submetidos à anestesia geral (AG) e outro tanto ao BPCS. Após sedação, no grupo com BPCS, usou-se marcaína com vasoconstritor, e quando necessário, lidocaína a 2 por cento com vasoconstritor. Sedação intra-operatória com diazepam endovenoso e metoprolol para controle da PA e FC eram administradas quando necessário. Usou-se anestesia geral (AG) segundo padronização do serviço. RESULTADOS: Foram significantes (p<0,05, teste t de Student) para o tempo de cirurgia (ag111,4:bpcs125,5 min), tempo de anestesia (ag154,1:bpcs488,6 min), tempo de permanência na sala cirúrgica (ag15:bpcs1 min), custos do tratamento (ag203,2:bpcs87,4 R$), presença de bradicardia (ag0:bpcs23,8 por cento) e lesão laringotraqueal (ag51:bpcs0 por cento). Como resultados não significativos tiveram: tempo de internação (ag17,3:bpcs15,1 hora); volume de sangramento (ag41,9:bpcs47,6 gr), tamanho da peça operatória (ag52,1:bpcs93,69 cm3) e grau de satisfação dos pacientes (ag3,8:bpcs3,9). CONCLUSÃO: Embora com incidência maior de bradicardia (23,8 por cento), o bloqueio permitiu ressecar tumorações de até 348 cm3 com menor custo e sem apresentar lesões laringotraqueais, presentes em 51 por cento dos pacientes submetidos à AG.


Thyroidectomy under the effect of superficial cervical plexus block (SCPB) has met resistance. AIM: to compare variables in patients submitted to hemithyroidectomy under the effect of general anesthesia (GA) and SCPB. CASE REPORT AND METHODS: GA was used in 21 patients, and SCPB was used in another 21 patients. Following sedation, marcaine 0.5 percent with vasoconstrictor was used in the SCPB group. Intraoperative sedation with diazepam and metoprolol to control arterial pressure and cardiac frequency was given as needed. GA followed the standard method in the unit. RESULTS: We found significant results (p<0.05, Student’s t-test) for surgery time (GA - 111.4 min; SCPB - 125.5 min), anesthesia time (GA - 154.1 min; SCPB - 488.6 min), time in the surgery room (GA - 15 min; SCPB - 1 min), treatment costs (GA - R$203.2; SCPB - R$87.4), presence of bradycardia (GA - 0; SCPB - 23.8 percent) and laryngotracheal injury (GA - 51; SCPB - 0 percent). We also found the following non-significant results: hospitalization time (GA - 17.3; SCPB - 15.1 hours); bleeding volume (GA - 41,9 g; SCPB - 47.6 g), size of the operative specimen (GA - 52.1 cm3; SCPB - 93.69 cm3) and patient satisfaction level (GA - 3.8; SCPB - 3.9). CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of bradycardia was higher (23.8 percent), SCPB was done for the resection of tumors measuring up to 348 cm3, at a lower cost and with no laryngotracheal injuries; these were present in 51 percent of patients undergoing GA.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Local , Anesthetics, Local/therapeutic use , Cervical Plexus , Nerve Block/methods , Thyroid Diseases/surgery , Thyroidectomy/methods , Anesthesia, General/adverse effects , Anesthesia, General/economics , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Local/economics , Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Bradycardia/chemically induced , Length of Stay , Patient Satisfaction , Time Factors , Thyroidectomy/economics
17.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-43590

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hypotension or bradycardia after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section remain common and are serious complications. The current study evaluated factors associated to the incidences of hypotension or bradycardia in this context. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prospective cross sectional study from November 1, 2004 to July 31, 2005 was conducted on 722 parturients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. T-test and Chi-square test were used in univariate analysis to compare continuous data and categorical data respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was performed on the variables hypotension (systolic pressure decrease > 30% of baseline value) and bradycardia (heart rate < 60 bpm) p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Incidence of hypotension and bradycardia were 52.6% and 2.5%. The probability of hypotension increased with estimated blood loss 500-1000 mL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.86; 95% CI 1.30-2.67, p = 0.001), estimated blood loss > 1000 mL (OR = 5.31; 95% CI 1.47-19.19, p = 0.011), and analgesia level > T4 (OR = 1.94; 95% CI 1.18-3.19, p = 0.009). Hypotension occurred despite left uterine displacement (OR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.11-2.19, p = 0.01). Risk factors associated with bradycardia were adding intrathecal morphine 0.2 mg (0.2 mL) (OR = 4.61; 95% CI 1.31-16.19, p = 0.017) to local anesthetics. CONCLUSION: The present results indicated that the incidence of hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section increased with amount of estimated blood loss > 500 mL and analgesic level > T4. Adding intrathecal morphine 0.2 mg (0.2 mL) to local anesthetics increased incidence of bradycardia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Spinal/adverse effects , Bradycardia/chemically induced , Cesarean Section , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hypotension/chemically induced , Incidence , Injections, Spinal , Logistic Models , Morphine/administration & dosage , Perioperative Care , Postoperative Period , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors
18.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 57(4): 391-400, jul.-ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-458057

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O CEROF-HC é uma instituição pública especializada em oftalmologia. A realização de bloqueios anestésicos para intervenções cirúrgicas oftálmicas é prática comum e eficiente. Como técnica não é isenta de riscos, há possibilidade de perfuração de meninges e a injeção de anestésico local (AL) na região do sistema nervoso central (SNC). O objetivo deste relato foi mostrar um caso de anestesia do tronco encefálico como complicação do bloqueio oftálmico e chamar a atenção para a profilaxia do acidente e o tratamento das complicações. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 60 anos, ASA II, com diagnóstico de catarata grau II, indicada para facectomia com implante de lente intra-ocular no olho direito. Histórico clínico de hipertensão arterial e antecedente de vitrectomia. Exames físicos, laboratoriais e cardiológicos normais. Foi realizado bloqueio retrobulbar extraconal, com anestésico local (lidocaína e bupivacaína) e hialuronidase (volume total de 5 mL). Imediatamente após, a paciente apresentou apnéia e perda da consciência. Foi tratada com intubação traqueal (IOT) e ventilação mecânica, mantendo-se estável. Foi realizada a operação. Começou a se movimentar 30 minutos após IOT, recuperando-se totalmente, sem apresentar qualquer seqüela. CONCLUSÕES: O bloqueio oftálmico, apesar de seguro, não é isento de riscos. O principal fator de risco é a inadequada realização da técnica anestésica. O anestésico local (AL), no bloqueio oftálmico, pode atingir o SNC por punção inadvertida da artéria oftálmica ou por punção das meninges que envolvem o nervo óptico, com a dispersão para o espaço subaracnóideo. Embora rara, pode levar a complicação grave, com parada respiratória, que, se não diagnosticada e tratada prontamente, pode ser fatal. São apresentadas as possibilidades de ocorrência dessa complicação, assim como a discussão da nomenclatura dos bloqueios anestésicos realizados em oftalmologia. Ressalta-se a importância...


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The CEROF-HC is a public hospital specialized in ophthalmology. Anesthetic blocks for ophthalmic surgeries are common and effective. But the technique is not devoid of risks, and there is the possibility of meningeal perforation and injection of the local anesthetic (LA) in the central nervous system (CNS). The objective of this study was to report a case of brainstem anesthesia as a complication of the ophthalmologic regional anesthesia, stress the importance of preventing this accident, and discuss the treatment. CASE REPORT: A female patient, 60 years old, ASA II, with a diagnosis of grade II cataract, was scheduled for a facectomy and implantation of intraocular lens in the right eye. The patient had a past medical history of hypertension and vitrectomy. Physical exam, laboratory and cardiologic exams were normal. An extraconal retrobulbar block was performed with local anesthetic (lidocaine and bupivacaine) and hyaluronidase (total volume of 5 mL). Immediately after, the patient developed apnea and loss of consciousness. She was treated with tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, remaining stable. The surgery was performed as planned. Thirty minutes after the intubation, the patient began to move, recovering completely, without deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Although safe, ophthalmic block is not devoid of risks. The main risk factor is improper anesthetic technique. In the ophthalmic block, the local anesthetic (LA) can reach the CNS by inadvertently puncturing the ophthalmic artery or the meninges that surround the optic nerve, with dispersion to the subarachnoid space. Although rare, it can lead to a severe complication with respiratory arrest that can be fatal if it is not diagnosed promptly. Here we present the possibilities of such a complication, and discuss the nomenclature of anesthetic blocks used in ophthalmology. The importance of the knowledge of this and other complications by the surgical...


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El CEROF-HC es una institución pública especializada en oftalmología. La realización de bloqueos anestésicos para intervenciones quirúrgicas oftálmicas es una práctica común y eficiente. Como técnica no está exenta de riesgos, existe la posibilidad de perforación de meninges y la inyección de anestésico local (AL) en la región del sistema nervioso central (SNC). El objetivo de este relato fue mostrar un caso de anestesia del tronco encefálico como complicación del bloqueo oftálmico y destacar la profilaxis del accidente y el tratamiento de las complicaciones. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente del sexo femenino, 60 años, ASA II, con diagnóstico de catarata grado II, indicada para facectomía con implante de lente intraocular en el ojo derecho. Hoja clínica de hipertensión arterial y antecedente de vitrectomía. Exámenes físicos, laboratoriales y cardiológicos normales. Fue realizado bloqueo retrobulbar extraconal con anestésico local (lidocaína y bupivacaína) e hialuronidasis (volumen total de 5 mL). Inmediatamente después, la paciente presentó apnea y pérdida de la conciencia. Fue tratada con intubación traqueal (IOT) y ventilación mecánica, manteniéndose estable. Se realizó la operación. Empezó a moverse 30 minutos después del IOT, recuperándose totalmente sin presentar ninguna secuela. CONCLUSIONES: El bloqueo oftálmico, a pesar de seguro, no está exento de riesgos. El principal factor de riesgo es la inadecuada realización de la técnica anestésica. El anestésico local (AL), en el bloqueo oftálmico, puede alcanzar el SNC por punción inadvertida de la arteria oftálmica o por punción de las meninges que envuelven el nervio óptico, con la dispersión para el espacio subaracnoideo. Aunque sea rara, puede conllevar a complicación grave, con parada respiratoria, que, si no se diagnostica y se trata rápidamente, puede ser fatal. Se presentan las posibilidades de esta complicación, y la discusión de la nomenclatura de los bloqueos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/therapeutic use , Cataract Extraction , Lidocaine , Postoperative Complications
19.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 55(2): 197-202, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-466455

ABSTRACT

A anestesia local é essencial para a realização da grande maioria de procedimentos em odontologia. Casos de mortalidade devido à anestesia local são raros. No entanto, casos de morbidade são mais comuns, mas nem sempre são relatados. Portanto, o cirurgião-dentista deve possuir conhecimento da farmacologia e da toxicidade das soluções anestésicas locais, com o intuito de evitar possíveis complicações sistêmicas decorrentes da sua administração. Diante disso, este trabalho teve por objetivo fazer uma revisão dos relatos de mortalidade relacionada à anestesia local em odontologia, discutindo suas causas e cuidados preventivos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Mortality , Toxicity
20.
ACM arq. catarin. med ; 36(supl.1): 20-22, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-509558

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade e a eficiência da anestesia local em cirurgias da mama para inclusão de próteses de silicone. Métodos: 120 pacientes do sexo feminino foram avaliadas no trans e pós-operatório levando em consideração a eficiência da anestesia, o conforto das pacientes e os efeitos colaterais dos medicamentos utilizados no procedimento anestésico. A anestesia utilizada foi a local infiltrativa com Lidocaina a 2 diluída em solução fisiológica e com uso de vasoconstritor (Adrenalina). Todas as pacientes foram sedadas com Midazolam. Foram anotados as queixas das pacientes no trans e no pós operatório e na hora da alta da Clínica. Resultados: em todos os procedimentos realizados, a cirurgia transcorreu com tranqüilidade sem queixas importantes do pacientes e sem efeitos colaterais significativos. Conclusão: a anestesia local mais sedação em cirurgias plásticas das mamas para inclusão de próteses de silicone realizada é um método anestésico eficiente, seguro e com poucos efeitos colaterais.


Background and aims: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the local anesthesia inbre astaugmentation surgery.Methods: 120 female patients were evaluated during the trans end postoperative period taking in account the efficiency of anesthesia for patient confort and the side effects of the medication used in the anesthetic procedure. The anesthetic used was the lidocaine in 2 concentration diluted in saline solution plus adrenaline. All patients were sedated with Midazolam. The patients' complaints during the trans en postoperative period until leaving the clinic were noted. Results: in all surgeries performed under local anesthesia plus sedation, the procedures undergone well without witout complains any complaints from the patients and with few and with no significant side effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Anesthesia, Local , Efficiency , Mammaplasty , Anesthesia, Local , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Local , Mammaplasty/classification , Mammaplasty/statistics & numerical data , Mammaplasty/methods
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